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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

贵州省黔西市新仁苗族乡化屋村党支部书记许蕾——发展特色产业 带动村民增收******

　　吃过午饭，许蕾照例前往六冲河畔观光步道施工处。河岸边，工人们正拿着锄头平整路面，推着小推车运石头。经过两个多月的施工，观光步道已初具雏形。

　　许蕾是党的二十大代表、贵州省黔西市新仁苗族乡党委副书记、化屋村党支部书记。两个多月前，在北京参会的许蕾接到消息，村里观光步道动工了。刚从北京回来，许蕾就赶到施工现场，鼓励大家争取在春节前完工，“这样就能在春节假期接待游客了。”许蕾说。

　　化屋村地处乌江上游，位于乌江源百里画廊风景区内。这些年，依托独特的山水风光，化屋村的乡村旅游发展越来越红火。“但还有不小的提升空间。”许蕾说，村里虽有旅游公路，但未实现人车分流，离河边又远，游客难以近距离欣赏沿河风光。

　　今年4月，许蕾等村干部和村民们合计，决定沿河修建一条观光步道。从争取项目资金到讨论设计方案，半年多的时间里，许蕾没少费心思。

　　听说观光步道要修到自己家门口，化屋村村民王光元积极加入施工队。这几年，王光元开起了农家乐。“观光步道修好后，会有更多游客过来，农家乐的收入估计能翻番。”王光元说。

　　王光元承担观光步道部分路段的施工管理工作，每天工资约200元，普通工人每天也有150元至180元的收入。“为保障村民就近就业，观光步道项目资金的30%用于支付村民工资。”许蕾说。

　　村里房屋改造也是许蕾的操心事。“结合村民意愿，适宜发展餐饮民宿的，对其房屋外立面进行统一改造，展现少数民族村寨的独特风貌。”许蕾说。

　　去北京参会，许蕾带了两套展示苗绣和蜡染元素的服饰，让更多人了解化屋村的特色苗绣。还没等许蕾回村，订单就从四面八方飞向了化屋村。

　　“嗒嗒嗒……”苗绣车间里，村民杨飞和其他工人正忙着赶工。“许书记，200多套订单，我们大约完成一半了。”杨飞十几岁时就学习苗绣手艺，前些年一直在外做水泥工，见家乡大力发展苗绣，她在2019年回到化屋村，成为苗绣车间的一名绣娘。“工资和在外打工差不多，还能照顾老人小孩。”杨飞说。

　　“党的二十大报告提出，发展乡村特色产业，拓宽农民增收致富渠道。立足化屋村的资源禀赋，我们大力发展苗绣、黄粑、黄姜、黄牛等产业，村里的合作社取得了不错的效益。”许蕾介绍，今年6月30日，合作社给村民分红60余万元，春节前还将进行分红。2021年，化屋村村民人均可支配收入达1.93万元。（记者 汪志球 陈隽逸）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）